!. Au!-cours!-de!-la!-campagne!-futuna, ! trois! plongées! du! Nautile! ont! été! réalisées! dans! des! zones! non! couvertes! par! l'AUV! d'un! point! de! vue! bathymétrique.! Il! s'agissait! dans! les! trois! cas! de! plongées! d'exploration.! Les! seules! données! bathymétriques! pour! ces!plongées!sont!celles!du!sondeur!multifaisceaux!de!l'Atalante

. Ces!données!ne!permettent!pas!de!, aimantation!par!la!méthode!3D.!Pour!cette! raison,!les!aimantations!et!les!polarités!ont!été!déterminées!à!partir!de!la!méthode!2D! mise!au!point!par!Honsho!(1999)!et!reposant!sur!les!données!

. La!-première!-plongée!-a!-Été!-entreprise!-sur!-une!-ride!-volcanique, ! Les! deux! autres! l'ont!été!sur!des!structures!volcaniques!isolées,!l'une!ancienne,!l'autre!plus!récente.!Les! résultats! du! calcul! de! l'aimantation! pour! la! première! sont! présentés! en! figure! 73! ciF dessous.! Les! grands! traits! de! la! bathymétrie! sont! visibles! en! arrière! plan

!. Plus and . Sud, ! une! série! de! mesures! présente! des! valeurs! d'aimantation!

. Les!-résultats!-de!-la, 10 ème ! plongée! du! Nautile! sont! représentés! en! figure! 74.! Elle! consistait! à! explorer! un! volcan! hors! axe.! On! constate! que! les! aimantations! qui! lui! sont! associées! se! caractérisent! par! des! intensités! faibles

. Basse!-température!-et!-extensives!-ont!-Été!-observées!-À!-la!-surface!-du!-volcan!-le!-long!-de!-la!-plongée, Conclusion&générale& & & ! Nos! travaux! ont! permis! de! confirmer! et! compléter! les! précédents! résultats!

. Le!magnétisme, !s'intègre!ainsi!comme!un!élément!dans!les!approches!multiFoutils!

, ! Par!ailleurs,!nous!avons!établi!que!les!sites!hydrothermaux!de!haute!température!

, !que!l'on!ne!trouve!que!sur!les!dorsales!lentes,!se!caractérisent!

, La! présence! de! serpentines! très! aimantées! en! raison! du! contact! entre! les! péridotites!et!les!fluides!hydrothermaux!de!haute!température

. Une!altération!différentielle!de!la!magnétite!présente!dans!la, !serpentine!des!sites! hydrothermaux! et! dans! celle! située! en! dehors! de! la! zone! de! circulation! des! fluides!réducteurs.!Cette!variation!est!à!l'origine!d'une!zone!moins!désaimantée

, À! condition! que! la! nature! géologique! du! plancher! océanique! soit! connue! avec!

. Le!-magnétisme!-de!-haute!-résolution and . Du!-fond!-océanique,

. Je!-remercie!-tous!-ceux!-qui and . Cours!-de!-cette!-thèse, ! m'ont! aidé! à! avancer,! que! ce! soit!d'un!point!de!vue!scientifique!ou!personnel.!Mes!premiers!remerciements!vont!bien! entendu! à! mon! directeur! de! thèse,! Jérôme! Dyment.! Je! remercie! également! mon! coF encadrant,! Yves! Fouquet

. Je!remercie!le!dr, !. Chie, and . Honsho, Université!de!Tokyo!pour!son!savoirFfaire!en!

!. Merci!à-;-!maurice!tivey and . Fabio, !tous!les!membres!de!mon!jury!:!Mathilde!Cannat!en!tant!que!présidente! mais!également!pour!ses!conseils!sur!les!questions!de!géologie

, Je! remercie! bien! évidemment! ma! famille! au! sens! large! pour! avoir! su! m'épauler! dans!les!moments!de!remise!en!question!et!d'hésitations.!Enfin,!un!grand!merci!à!toute!

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