A. Amodeo, Raman lidar algorithm intercomparison in the frame of EARLINET, Laser Remote Sensing in Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, Proceedings of the 21st International Laser Radar Conference, pp.349-352, 2002.

A. Ansmann, U. Wandinger, M. Riebesell, C. Weitkamp, and W. Michaelis, Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus clouds by using a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar, Applied Optics, vol.31, issue.33, pp.7113-7131, 1992.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.31.007113

A. Ansmann, F. Wagner, D. Müller, D. Althausen, A. Herber et al., European pollution outbreaks during ACE 2: Optical particle properties inferred from multiwavelength lidar and star-Sun photometry, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.11, issue.9, pp.425910-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900784

URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2001JD001109/pdf

C. Böckmann, EARLINET: Backscatter lidar algorithm intercomparison, Laser Remote Sensing in Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, Proceedings of the 21st International Laser Radar Conference, pp.353-356, 2002.

J. Bösenberg, The German Aerosol Lidar Network: Methodology, data, analysis, MPI Rep, 2001.

J. Bösenberg, EARLINET: A European Aerosol Research Lidar Network, in Laser Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Selected Papers of the 20th International Laser Radar Conference, pp.155-158, 2001.

T. N. Carlson and J. M. Prospero, The Large-Scale Movement of Saharan Air Outbreaks over the Northern Equatorial Atlantic, Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol.11, issue.2, pp.283-297, 1972.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1972)011<0283:TLSMOS>2.0.CO;2

P. Chazette, J. Pelon, C. Moulin, F. Dulac, I. Carrasco et al., Lidar and satellite retrieval of dust aerosols over the Azores during SOFIA/ASTEX, Lidar and satellite retrieval of dust aerosols over the Azores during SOFIA/ASTEX, pp.4297-4304, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00253-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01638106

F. G. Fernald, Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: some comments, Applied Optics, vol.23, issue.5, pp.652-653, 1984.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.23.000652

C. Flamant, Airborne lidar measurements of aerosol spatial distribution and optical properties over the Atlantic Ocean during a European pollution outbreak of ACE-2, pp.662-677, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01637666

K. Franke, A. Ansmann, D. Müller, D. Althausen, C. Venkataraman et al., Optical properties of the Indo-Asian haze layer over the tropical Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.107, issue.D19, pp.405910-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900785

V. Freudenthaler, Intercomparison of 21 aerosol lidar systems in the frame of EARLINET, in Laser Remote Sensing in Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, Proceedings of the 21st International Laser Radar Conference, pp.297-300, 2002.

P. Ginoux, M. Chin, I. Tegen, J. M. Prospero, B. Holben et al., Sources and distributions of dust aerosols simulated with the GOCART model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.50, issue.1, pp.255-275, 2001.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1998.t01-3-00001.x

G. P. Gobbi, F. Barnaba, R. Giorgi, and A. Santacasa, Altitude-resolved properties of a Saharan dust event over the Mediterranean, Atmospheric Environment, vol.34, issue.29-30, pp.5119-5127, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00194-1

E. Hamonou, P. Chazette, D. Balis, F. Dulac, X. Schneider et al., Characterization of the vertical structure of Saharan dust export to the Mediterranean basin, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.100, issue.suppl. 1, pp.275-297, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD02051

M. Hess, P. Koepke, and I. Schult, Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds: The Software Package OPAC, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.79, issue.5, pp.831-844, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0831:OPOAAC>2.0.CO;2

B. N. Holben, AERONET: A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Environ, vol.66, pp.1-16, 1998.

O. V. Kalashnikova and I. N. Sokolik, Importance of shapes and compositions of wind-blown dust particles for remote sensing at solar wavelengths, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.39, issue.4, p.139810, 1028.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD02584

J. D. Klett, Stable analytical inversion solution for processing lidar returns, Applied Optics, vol.20, issue.2, pp.211-220, 1981.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.20.000211

J. D. Klett, Lidar inversion with variable backscatter/extinction ratios, Applied Optics, vol.24, issue.11, pp.1638-1643, 1985.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.24.001638

P. Koepke, M. Hess, I. Schult, and E. P. Shettle, Global aerosol data set, MPI Rep. 243, 44 pp., Max-Planck-Inst, für Meteorol, 1997.

Z. Liu, N. Sugimoto, and T. Murayama, Extinction-to-backscatter ratio of Asian dust observed with high-spectral-resolution lidar and Raman lidar, Applied Optics, vol.41, issue.15, pp.2760-2767, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.41.002760

V. Matthias, Lidar intercomparison on algorithm and system level in the frame of EARLINET, MPI Rep, 2002.

I. Mattis, A. Ansmann, D. Müller, U. Wandinger, and D. Althausen, Dualwavelength Raman lidar observations of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio of Saharan dust, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.29, issue.9, pp.130610-1029, 2002.

M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, R. A. Kahn, and R. A. West, Modeling phase functions for dustlike tropospheric aerosols using a shape mixture of randomly oriented polydisperse spheroids, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.27, issue.D14, pp.831-847, 1997.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.27.002405

D. Müller, I. Mattis, U. Wandinger, D. Althausen, A. Ansmann et al., Saharan dust over a central European EARLINET-AERONET site: Combined observations with Raman lidar and Sun photometer, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.35, issue.D12, pp.434510-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD02598

T. Murayama, H. Okamoto, N. Kaneyasu, H. Kamataki, and K. Miura, Application of lidar depolarization measurement in the atmospheric boundary layer: Effects of dust and sea-salt particles, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.19, issue.D24, pp.31781-31812, 1999.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.19.003427

T. Murayama, Ground-based network observation of Asian dust events of, east Asia, pp.345-363, 1998.

S. Nickovic, G. Kallos, A. Papadopoulos, and O. Kakaliagou, A model for prediction of desert dust cycle in the atmosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.57, issue.D16, pp.113-131, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00120057

A. Papayannis, Two years of continuous observations of Saharan dust events over the European continent using a coordinated LIDAR network in the frame of the EARLINET project, in Laser Remote Sensing in Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, Proceedings of the 21st International Laser Radar Conference

J. Pelon, C. Flamant, P. Chazette, J. Léon, D. Tanre et al., Characterization of aerosol spatial distribution and optical properties over the Indian Ocean from airborne LIDAR and radiometry during INDOEX'99, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.53, issue.D19, pp.10-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD000402

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01262160

J. M. Prospero, R. A. Glaccum, and R. T. Nees, Atmospheric transport of soil dust from Africa to South America, Nature, vol.107, issue.5798, pp.570-572, 1981.
DOI : 10.1002/j.1477-8696.1978.tb04632.x

J. Redemann, R. P. Turco, R. F. Pueschel, M. A. Fenn, E. V. Browell et al., A multi-instrument approach for characterizing the vertical structure of aerosol properties: Case studies in the Pacific Basin troposphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.102, issue.D18, pp.287-310, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/97JD01264

J. Redemann, Retrieving the vertical structure of the effective aerosol complex index of refraction from a combination of aerosol in situ and remote sensing measurements during TARFOX, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.274, issue.D8, pp.9949-9970, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.274.5290.1170

T. Sakai, Case study of Raman lidar measurements of Asian dust events in 2000 and 2001 at Nagoya and Tsukuba, Japan, Atmospheric Environment, vol.36, issue.35, pp.5479-5489, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00664-7

T. Sakai, T. Shibata, K. Hara, M. Kido, K. Osada et al., Raman lidar and aircraft measurements of tropospheric aerosol particles during the Asian dust event over central Japan: Case study on 23, J. Geophys. Res, vol.108, issue.D12, pp.434910-1029, 1996.

Y. Sasano, E. V. Browell, and S. Ismail, Error caused by using a constant extinction/backscattering ratio in the lidar solution, Applied Optics, vol.24, issue.22, pp.3929-3932, 1985.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.24.003929

I. N. Sokolik, D. M. Winker, G. Bergametti, D. A. Gillette, G. Carmichael et al., Introduction to special section: Outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.106, issue.D16, pp.15-18027, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900672

A. Stohl, G. Wotawa, P. Seibert, and H. Kromp-kolb, Interpolation Errors in Wind Fields as a Function of Spatial and Temporal Resolution and Their Impact on Different Types of Kinematic Trajectories, Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol.34, issue.10, pp.2149-2165, 1995.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2149:IEIWFA>2.0.CO;2

I. Tegen and I. Fung, Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, issue.D9, pp.707-725, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/JD092iD03p03027

O. Torres, P. K. Bhartia, J. R. Herman, Z. Ahmad, and J. Gleason, Derivation of aerosol properties from satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet radiation: Theoretical basis, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.96, issue.A, pp.99-116, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/91JD01956

O. Torres, P. K. Bhartia, J. R. Herman, A. Sinyuk, P. Ginoux et al., A Long-Term Record of Aerosol Optical Depth from TOMS Observations and Comparison to AERONET Measurements, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.59, issue.3, pp.398-413, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0398:ALTROA>2.0.CO;2

U. Wandinger, Optical and microphysical characterization of biomass- burning and industrial-pollution aerosols from- multiwavelength lidar and aircraft measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.103, issue.D21, pp.10-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/1998JD200077

À. A. Ansmann, I. Mattis, D. Müller, and U. Wandinger, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig

J. Bösenberg, H. Linné, V. Matthias, and M. Planck, (boesenberg@ dkrz.de; linne@dkrz.de; matthias@dkrz.de) A. Chaikovsky, Institute of Physics, 68 F. Scarina Avenue, 220072 Minsk, Belarus. (chaikov@ dragon.bas-net.by) A. Comerón and M. A ´ . López Márquez, p.8034, 20146.

S. S. Barcelona, A. Eckhardt, and . Stohl, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany. (sabine@forst. tu-muenchen.de; as@forst.tu-muenchen.de) R. Eixmann, Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik Meteorologisches Institut der Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstraße 37, 80333 München, Germany. (volker.freudenthaler@meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de; m.wiegner@meteo. physik.uni-muenchen.de) P. Ginoux, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, (llk@aber.ac.uk; gxv@ aber.ac.uk) V. Mitev and M. K. Srivastava, Observatoire de Neuchâtel) S. Music and S. Nickovic, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Insular Coastal Dynamics) J. Pelon, Service d'Aéronomie, p.75252, 2000.